Ep. 235 | The Warlord Era (Part 5)
In Part 5 Laszlo gives the backstory to the Anhui-Zhili War and introduces another warlord, the famous Zhang Zuolin…The Manchurian Warlord. With this civil war within the Beiyang Organization, the unity that existed since the time of Yuan Shikai is smashed.
In addition, we’ll take a look at the very brief war between the forces of Duan Qirui and their Zhili opponents led by Wu Peifu as well as the aftermath up to and including the First Zhili-Fengtian War.
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ānhuī Clique | 皖系 | The faction headed by Duan Qirui. The political wing of the Anhui Clique was the Anfu Club |
| Bóhǎi Sea | 渤海湾 | A gulf located in the north Yellow Sea where Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong are all located |
| Běiyáng Clique | 北洋系 | The faction that arose out of the Beiyang Army. This army served as the centerpiece of the Qing Dynasty's military modernization efforts. |
| Chén Jiǒngmíng | 陈炯明 | Guangdong-born and raised Revolutionary. General and politician who lived from 1878-1933. Warlord of Guǎngdōng province and later rival to Sun Yat-sen |
| Cáo Kūn | 曹锟 | 1862-1938, Succeeded Feng Guozhang as head of the Zhili Clique, also former president of China |
| Duàn Qíruì | 段祺瑞 | 1865-1936. Warlord and China politician. Also served as premier. Originally from Hefei, Anhui, he headed the Anhui Clique |
| Dàlián | 大连 | Major port city in Liaoning province |
| Dūjūn | 督军 | provincial military governors |
| Fèngtiān Clique | 奉天军阀 | The faction headed by the Manchurian Warlord, Zhang Zuolin |
| Féng Guózhāng | 冯国璋 | Zhili Clique leader after Yuan Shikai, general and politician during the Republic of China. Lived from 1859-1919 |
| Féng Yùxiáng | 冯玉祥 | 1882-1948, known as The Christian Warlord and The Betraying General. A major figure from the warlord era |
| Guǎngzhōu | 广州 | Capital of Guangdong Province and major city in modern Chinese history (and ancient China too). Sun Yat-sen's base during the 1920's |
| Hàn Dynasty | 汉朝 | Ancient Chinese dynasty founded by Liu Bang that lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE with a brief interregnum by Wang Mang from 9 CE to 23 CE |
| Héběi Province | 河北省 | Northern province of China, once known as Zhili province. Beijing is physically located within Hebei. |
| Hénán | 河南省 | Ancient province of China on the central plain. Capital is Zhengzhou |
| Hóng Húzi | 红胡子 | Red Beards, the roving militias of the north of China |
| Hùfǎjūn | 护法军 | The Constitutional Protection Army who fought against (and lost to) the northern warlords |
| Húnán | 湖南 | Province in central China, capital is Changsha |
| Hēilóngjiāng | 黑龙江省 | One of the three provinces of Manchuria. Capital is Harbin |
| Hǎichéng | 海城 | A city in Liaoning about midway between Shěnyáng and Dàlián… Liáoníng Province |
| Jílín | 吉林省 | One of the three provinces of Manchuria. Capital is Changchun |
| Liáng Shìyí | 梁士诒 | Lived from 1869-1933. Old Yuan Shikai ally who served as premier of the republic for one month |
| Liáoníng province | 辽宁省 | One of the three provinces of Manchuria, was known as Fèngtiān province for about a quarter century |
| Liú Bāng | 刘邦 | Founder of the Han Dynasty who defeated Xiang Yu in the Chu-Han Contention. Also known as Han Gaozu, he lived from approximately 256-195 BCE |
| Lù Róngtíng | 陆荣廷 | Guangxi warlord who lived from 1859-1928. Headed what was known as the "Old Guangxi Clique" |
| Mukden Incident | 九一八事变 | Also known as The Manchurian Incident. A staged incident that happened in Shenyang September 18, 1931 used by Japan to invade and control northeast China. Also known as the Manchurian Incident |
| Qínhuángdǎo | 秦皇岛 | Coastal city in Hebei located on the Bohai Sea. Borders Tangshan and Chengde |
| Shāndōng | 山东省 | Coastal province in north China |
| Shānhǎiguān | 山海关 | Located around Qinhuangdao, Hebei province. Shanhai Pass. The part of the Great Wall built by Qi Jiguang during the Ming either begins at Shanhaiguan or terminates there. Shanhaiguan is located less than 200 miles from Beijing |
| Shānxī | 山西省 | Northern province of China. Taiyuan is the capital. |
| Shěnyáng | 沈阳 | Capital city in Liaoning province |
| Shǎnxī | 陕西省 | Northern province of China. Xian (ancient Chang'an) is the capital. |
| Sun Yat sen | 孙逸仙 | Called the "Father of Modern China." A revolutionary, statesman and KMT founder. Lived from 1866-1925 |
| Sūn Chuánfāng | 孙传芳 | 1885-1935, Known as The Nanking Warlord. One of the major warlords of the era |
| Táng Jìyáo | 唐继尧 | Military governor of Yúnnán from 1913-1927. Lived from 1883-1927 |
| Wáng Mǎng | 王莽 | Han Dynasty official who seized the throne and ruled as emperor of the Xin Dynasty 9-23 CE |
| Wáng Zhànyuán | 王占元 | 1861-1934, Chinese general and warlord of Hubei province |
| Wú Pèifú | 吴佩孚 | 1862-1938, Succeeded Feng Guozhang as head of the Zhili Clique, also former president of China |
| Xiàng Yǔ | 项羽 | Warrior King of Chu State (modern-day Hubei) who lived from 232-202 BCE. He faced Liu Bang unsuccessfully to become a unifying emperor of China |
| Xú Shìchāng | 徐世昌 | Beiyang Clique stalwart going back to the beginning. Lived from 1855-1939. Not a military man. Served as both president and premier of the Republic of China |
| Xú Shùzhēng | 徐树铮 | de facto leader of the Ānfú Club… And a very close comrade of Duan Qirui |
| Xīnjiāng | 新疆 | China's northwestern province located north of Tibet and south of Russia and Mongolia |
| Yuán Shìkǎi | 袁世凯 | 1859-1916, Military and government official and first president of the Republic of China. Also called "The First Warlord" |
| Zhílì Clique | 直系 | The faction in north China based in Zhili, today's Hebei Province, once led by Feng Guozhang and later Cao Kun and Wu Peifu |
| Zhílì-Ānhuī War | 直皖战争 | July 14-23, 1920, war between Zhili and Anhui Cliques for control of the Beiyang government |
| Zhāng Xuéliáng | 张学良 | Son of Zhang Zuolin, Also known as the Young Marshal. Lived from 1901-2001, a hundred years |
| Zhāng Zuòlín | 张作霖 | 1875-1928, The Manchurian Warlord, another major warlord in his day |
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