Ep. 253 | The History of Xinjiang (Part 10)
Laszlo is back with more History of Xinjiang. The focus this time in Part 10 will be on the Qing Dynasty during the emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong. The rise and fall of the Zunghar Khanate will also be explored, as well as the violent and tragic aftermath following the Zunghars defeat.
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Āmù'ěrsānà | 阿睦尔撒纳 | Amursana, lived 1723-1757. Final khan of the Zunghars. Nemesis of the Qianlong Emperor |
| Cèwàng Ālābùtǎn | 策妄阿拉布坦 | Tsewang Rabdan, successor to Galdan. Lived 1643-1727 |
| Dōngyà Bìngfū | 东亚病夫 | The Sick Man of Asia |
| Gá'ěr dān Cèlíng | 噶尔丹策零 | Galdan Tseren, succeeded Tsewang Rabdan as khan of the Zunghars. Died in 1745 |
| Gá'ěrdān | 噶尔丹 | Galdan Boshugtu Khan, 1644-1697, son of the founder of the Zunghar Khanate. Had a long lasting rivalry with Kangxi |
| Huíbù | 回部 | Tarim Basin (Muslim area) |
| Hàn Wǔdì | 汉武帝 | Long-reigning Western Han emperor, known mostly as Emperor Wu |
| Héběi | 河北 | Once called Zhili, province in north China where Beijing is physically located |
| Hāmì | 哈密 | City in the Turpan Basin. Called Yizhou during the Tang Dynasty. Known by many other names. |
| Jiǎomiè | 剿灭 | To exterminate or wipe out |
| Kāngxī | 康熙 | Longest reigning emperor in Chinese history racking up 61 years on the dragon throne. 1661 to 1722. |
| Liáoníng | 辽宁 | Province in northeast China |
| Lóulán Měinǔ | 楼兰美女 | One of the more famous Tarim Mummies, discovered 1979-1980 near Loulan. Given the name of "The Beauty of Lóulán" |
| Qiánlóng | 乾隆 | Another long reigning champ, occupying the throne from 1733 to 1796 |
| Qīng | 清朝 | Manchu dynasty that ran in China 1644-1911 |
| Tiānshān | 天山 | The Heavenly Mountains that separates the Turpan and Tarim Basins |
| túntián | 屯田 | system where soldiers would create these farms that engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry with the sole purpose of providing for the troops garrisoned out there |
| Wūlǔmùqí | 乌鲁木齐 | Urumqi, present day capital of Xinjiang |
| Xīnjiāng | 新疆 | The area that is now contained in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. Also known y mny names prior to 1884 |
| Yīníng | 伊宁 | One-time Chagatai Khanate capital located in the Yīlí Valley 伊犁…not too far from the Xinjiang Kazakhstan border. |
| Yōngzhèng | 雍正 | Qing emperor who reigned 1709-1722 |
| Zhǔnbù | 准部 | Zungharia |
| Zhǔngá'ěr | 准噶尔 | The Zunghars |
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In this penultimate episode in the series we'll take a look back at the Chen Shuibian and Ma Ying-jeou years.