In this episode, we’ll look at the 13th to 17th centuries, Yuan to Qing. After the final end of the Chagatai Khanate, it’s going to be non-stop wars, alliances, and betrayals in this portion of Central Asia. The Zunghars will emerge as a new power in Xinjiang that posed a threat to the new Qing Dynasty.
That will lead to all kinds of trouble that we’ll look at next episode.
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Gānsù Corridor | 河西 / 甘肃走廊 | Also known as the Gansu Corridor, the main road from westernmost China to the easternmost Tarim Basin where the northern route of the Silk Road began |
| Khotan | 和田 | Ancient Iranic kingdom located in the southwest of the Tarim Basin. Also known as Hotan and by many other names |
| Kāngxī | 康熙 | Longest reigning emperor in Chinese history racking up 61 years on the dragon throne. 1661 to 1722. |
| Later Jīn Dynasty | 后金朝 | Manchu Dynasty that lasted 1616 to 1636. Founded by Nurhacu and Hong Taiji. Preceded the Qing |
| Míng Dynasty | 明朝 | Second to the last dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 1368 to 1644 |
| Mòdú Chányú | 魔都禅语 | Great Xiongnu leader who founded the Xiongnu Empire. Lived from c. 234 to 174 BCE |
| Qara-Khitai | 喀喇契丹 | Successor state to conquered Liao Dynasty, also called the Western Liao. Ran from 1124-1218 |
| Qiánlóng | 乾隆 | Another long reigning champ, occupying the throne from 1733 to 1796 |
| Qīng Dynasty | 清朝 | Last dynasty of Imperial China, ruled by Manchu's, lasted 1644-1911 |
| Shùnzhì | 顺治 | Third Qing Dynasty Emperor and first one to rule over China after 1644. Reigned 1643-1661. |
| Tiānshān | 天山 | The Heavenly Mountains that separates the Turpan and Tarim Basins |
| Western Liáo | 西辽 | See above |
| Xīnjiāng | 新疆 | The area that is now contained in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. Also known by many names prior to 1884 |
| Yīlí | 伊犁 | Name of major river and basin that flows from the Tianshan in Xinjiang to Lake Balkhash in Kazakhstan |
| Yōngzhèng | 雍正 | Qing emperor who reigned 1709-1722 |
| Yǐ Yí Zhì Yí | 以夷制夷 | A system used by China from time immemorial of using "barbarians" to control "barbarians" |
| Zhū Yuánzhāng | 朱元璋 | Also known as the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty (the Hongwu Emperor). Reigned 1368 to 1398 |
| Zunghars (Zhǔngá'ěr) | 准噶尔 | A major tribe of Oirat Mongols who built a khanate that Xinjiang was part of from 1634-1755 |
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This is an old topic I thought I'd present now to coincide with the recent release of the interview with the curators of "Clockwork Treasures From China's Forbidden City.