Ep. 254 | The History of Xinjiang (Part 11)
In this penultimate episode of the series, Laszlo introduces some of the major happenings in Xinjiang during the waning decades of the Qing Dynasty. After a brief glance at Yaqub Beg and his time in the limelight during the turbulent 1860s and 1870s.
We’ll finish off with Zuo Zongtang and the Qing reconquest of Xinjiang.
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Āgǔ Bái | 阿古柏 | Yaqub Beg, 1820-1877 |
| Āmù'ěrsānà | 阿睦尔撒纳 | Amursana, lived 1723-1757. Final khan of the Zunghars. Nemesis of the Qianlong Emperor |
| Chǔ Kingdom | 楚国 | One of many Warring States during the Eastern Zhou. Located where modern day Hubei is |
| Cíxǐ Tàihòu | 慈禧太后 | The Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi (Cixi) |
| Dungan Revolts | 同治回乱 | Anti-Manchu Muslim Uprising in Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia lasting 1862-1877 |
| Dàoguāng | 道光 | Qing emperor who Reigned 1820-1850. He got stuck with the Opium War |
| Gá'ěrdān | 噶尔丹 | Galdan Boshugtu Khan, 1644-1697, son of the founder of the Zunghar Khanate. Had a long lasting rivalry with Kangxi |
| Gānsù | 甘肃 | Province in Western China |
| Huí | 回族 | One of China's 56 official ethnic minorities. The Hui were Muslims of Han descent |
| Hóng Xiùquán | 洪秀全 | 1814-1864, launched the Taiping Rebellion. He was the Taiping Heavenly King from 1851-1864 |
| Húnán | 湖南 | Province in Central China |
| Hāmí | 哈密 | City located near Turpan |
| Jiāqìng | 嘉庆 | Qing Emperor, reigned 1796-1820. How would you like to have the Qianlong Emperor as a dad? |
| Kāngxī | 康熙 | Longest reigning emperor in Chinese history racking up 61 years on the dragon throne. 1661 to 1722. |
| Kāshí / Kāshígé'ěr | 喀什，喀什葛尔 | One of the greatest cities of the Golden Age of the Silk Road Era. Also a great center for the development of Islam in Xinjiang |
| Liú Jǐntáng . | 刘锦棠 | The tip of Zuo Zongtang's spear in the re-conquest of Xinjiang. Later became first governor general of the new province. |
| Lǐ Hóngzhāng | 李鸿章 | 1823-1901, a major figure of late 19th century China |
| Mǎn-Qīng Zhèngfǔ | 满清政府 | The Manchu Qing Government |
| Níngxià | 宁夏回族自治区 | The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region |
| Nǐan Rebellion (Niǎn Luàn) | 捻乱 | Rebellion in northern China that ran 1851-1868, concurrent with the Taiping Rebellion in the south. |
| Qiánlóng | 乾隆 | Another long reigning champ, occupying the throne from 1733 to 1796 |
| Qiūcí | 龟兹 | Kucha, a once great ancient BUddhist Kingdom and now present day Qiuci in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang |
| Qīng | 清朝 | Manchu dynasty that ran in China 1644-1911 |
| Qū Yuán | 屈原 | c.340-278 BCE, great poet and honest official from the Kingdom of Chu. Famous for the Songs of Chu and inspiring Drago Boat Holiday |
| Shùnzhì | 顺治 | Third Qing Dynasty Emperor and first one to rule over China after 1644. Reigned 1643-1661. |
| Shǎnxī | 陕西 | Province in northwest China where Xian is located |
| The Panthay Rebellion | 杜文秀起义 / 云南回变 | A Muslim uprising in the south in Yunnan, lasting 1856-1872 |
| Tàipíng Rebellion | 太平天国 | Long drawn out civil war between the forces of the Qing Dynasty and Taiping rebels led by Hong Xiuquan. Lasted 1850 to 1864 |
| Tóngzhì | 同治 | Emperor from 1861-1875. His mother was the Empress Dowager Cixi. |
| Viceroy of Liǎngjiāng | 两江总督 | The governor of today's area comprising Jiangsu and Anhui. |
| Wūlǔmùqí | 乌鲁木齐 | Urumqi， present day capital of Xinjiang. Also one of the great trading entrepôts of the Silk Road era |
| Xiánfēng | 咸丰 | Qing Emperor, son of Daoguang, reigned 1850-1861. He got stuck with the Taiping Rebellion among others |
| Xīnjiāng | 新疆维吾尔族自治区 | The area that is now contained in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. Also known by many names prior to 1884 |
| Yuèyáng | 岳阳 | City on northern Hunan next to Dongting Lake |
| Yè'ěrqiāng / Shāchē | 叶尔羌 / 莎车 | Yarkand or Yarkant, the ancient city located adjacent to Kashgar |
| Yīlí Valley | 伊犁 | Region in northernmost Xinjiang on the Kazakhstan border |
| Yīngjíshā | 英吉沙 | Yengisar, the knife making capital of Xinjiang, located next to Kashgar and Yankand |
| Yōngzhèng | 雍正 | Qing emperor who reigned 1709-1722 |
| Zhǔngá'ěr | 准噶尔 | The Zunghar Mongols |
| Zuǒ Zōngtáng | 左宗棠 | 1812-1885, Also known as General Tso. Great statesman and soldier during the mid 1800's. |
| Zēng Guófān | 曾国藩 | 1811-1872, one of the greats to come out of Hunan. Leader of the Xiang Army. Saved the Qing Dynasty during the Taiping Rebellion. |
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This is an old topic I thought I'd present now to coincide with the recent release of the interview with the curators of "Clockwork Treasures From China's Forbidden City.