Ep. 197 | The History of China-Vietnam Relations (Part 1)
In this first of a multipart series, Laszlo explores the history behind the millennia-old relationship between China and Vietnam. In this episode, the earliest days of the relationship going back to Zhao Tuo and the Nanyue Kingdom are discussed.
In the next episode we’ll pick up in the late 2nd Century CE as the sun is setting on the Eastern Han Dynasty.
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | Vietnamese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xia | 夏朝 | Nhà Hạ | Chinese earliest dynasty (still in the mythical category) 2070-1600 BCE (supposedly) |
| Qing | 清朝 | Nhà Thanh | China's last imperial dynasty 1644-1911 |
| Yunnan | 云南 | Vân Nam | Southwestern province in Chin on the border with Vietnam |
| Guangxi | 广西 | Quảng Tây | Souther Chiense province bordering Yunnan to the west, Guangdong to the east and Vietnam to the south |
| - | 京族 | Kinh | The majority ethnic group in Vietnam, The Vietnamese people |
| - | 𠊚越 | Người Việt | The majority ethnic group in Vietnam, The Vietnamese people |
| Hóng Hé | 红河 | Hồng Hà (or Sông Hồng) | The Red River |
| Hanoi | 河内 | Hà Nội | Hanoi |
| Sīmǎ Qiān | 司马迁 | Tư Mã Thiên | China's most famous and earliest historiographer. Lived during the Han Dynasty |
| - | 黎文休 | Lê Văn Hưu | Vietnam's earliest historiographer. 1230-1322 |
| Tran Dynasty | 陈朝 | Nhà Trần | Vietnamese Dynasty 1225-1400 |
| Shǐ Jì | 史记 | Sử Ký | the Records of the Grand Historian |
| Míng Shǐ | 明史 | Minh sử | The (Official) History of the Ming Dynasty |
| - | 我很抱歉 | Tôi xin lôi | I'm sorry |
| Dàlǐ | 大理国 | Vương quốc Đại Lý | A kingdom in southwest China that lasted from 937-1253 |
| Qīnghǎi | 青海 | Thanh Hải | Western province of China |
| Gānsù | 甘肃 | Cam Túc | Another western province of China |
| Shǎnxī | 陕西 | Thiểm Tây | North-central province in China |
| Hǎilóng | 海龙 | Nhà Thanh... | Sea Dragons |
| - | 国家 | Nước | Can mean a country or water |
| Yuè | 越 | Việt | The Viet or Yue people |
| Bǎiyuè | 百越 | Bách Việt | The "Hundred Yue" |
| Huáxià | 华夏 | Hoa Hạ | The Han Chinese nation or people |
| Zhōu Dynasty | 周朝 | Nhà Chu | Ancient Chinese dynasty lasting from 1046-256 BCE |
| Shāng Oracle bones | 商朝甲骨文 | Shang triều đại Oracle | Ancient oracle bones |
| Zhèjiāng | 浙江 | Chiết Giang | Province on China's east coast |
| Gōujiàn | 勾践 | Việt Vương Câu Tiễn | King of Yue 496-465 BCE |
| King Fūchāi | 夫差 | Ngô Phù Sai | Goujian's rival, the King of Wu 495-473 BCE |
| Wú | 吴国 | Ngô quốc | The State of Wu |
| Chǔ | 楚国 | Sở quốc | The State of Chu |
| Luò Yuè | 雒越 | Lạc Việt | Ancient people who populated southern Guangxi and northern Vietnam |
| Yángzǐ | 扬子 | Trường Giang | Also called the Chang Jiang, China's longest river |
| Shénnóng | 神农 | Thần Nông | One of the Five Mythical ancient Emperors, also known by many other names including The Divine Farmer |
| Hong Bang Dynasty | 鸿庞 | Hồng Bàng | Vietnamese Bronze Age dynasty contemporary with the Xia, Shang and Zhou 2879 to 258 BCE |
| Kinh Duong Vuong | 涇陽王 | Kinh Dương Vương | First of the Hong Bang kings, an ancient and legendary figure |
| Vuong (Wang) | 王 | Vương | The Chinese surname Wang, also means King |
| Lạc Long Quân | 貉龍君 | Lạc Long Quân | the Dragon Lord of Lạc, the second king of the Hong Bang era |
| - | Âu Cơ | Wife of Lac Long Quan, mother of the Bai Yue | |
| Ōu Luò | 瓯骆 | Âu Lạc | An early Viet state later annexed by the Nanyue Kingdom |
| - | 蜀泮 | Thục Phán | King of Au Lac from 257-207. Also known as King An Duong |
| King An Duong | 安阳王 | An Dương Vương | King An Dương |
| Shǔ | 蜀国 | Thục Quốc | Ancient state centered around Chengdu, conquered by Qin in 316 BCE |
| Qín | 秦朝 | Nhà Tần | The Qin Dynasty 221-206 BCE, also an ancient Warring State |
| Bā State | 巴国 | Ba Quốc | Ancient state centered around Chongqing, conquered by Qin in 316 BCE |
| Chóngqìng | 重庆 | Trùng Khánh | Municipality formerly part of Sichuan. Also known as Chungking |
| Qín Shǐhuáng | 秦始皇 | Tần Thủy Hoàng | China's first emperor |
| Zhōng Yuè guanxi | 中越关系 | Quan hệ Trung-Việt | China-Vietnam Relations |
| huángdì | 皇帝 | Hoàng đế | Emperor |
| Guangdong | 广东 | Quảng Đông | Southern province of China |
| Jùn | 郡 | Commandery | |
| Guangzhou | 广州 | Quảng Châu | Capital of Guangdong Province, also a sister city to Los Angeles |
| Zhào Tuó | 赵陀 | Triệu Đà | Former Qin official sent down to manage affairs but ended up forming a kingdom instead. |
| Nán Yuè | 南越 | Nam Việt | Kingdom founded by Zhao Tuo. lasted 204-111 BCE |
| Cổ Loa Citadel | 古螺 | Thành Cổ Loa | Ancient site located in present day Hanoi |
| Dong Anh | 東英 | Đông Anh | A rural district of Hanoi |
| Pānyú | 番禺 | Phiên Ngung | City southeast of Guangzhou |
| - | 赵朝 | Triệu Dynasty | The dynasty founded by Zhao Tuo or Triệu Đà |
| Yuán Dynasty | 元朝 | Nhà Nguyên | Mongol dynasty in China that lasted from 1271-1368 |
| Chǔ-Hàn Contention | 楚汉战争 | Chiến tranh Hán-Sở | The showdown between Liu Bang of Han and Xiang Yu of Chu that ended in 202 BCE |
| Liú Bāng | 刘邦 | Lưu Bang | Victor over Xiang Yu, and founding emperor of the Han Dynasty |
| Battle of Gāixià | 垓下之战 | The deciding battle of the Chu-Han Contention 202 BCE | |
| Lù Jiǎ | 陆贾 | Lục Giả | Western Han official sent to work out a deal with Zhao Tuo |
| Nán Wǔdì | 南武帝 | Nam Vũ Đế | The Southern Martial Emperor (Zhao Tuo's self-proclaimed title) |
| Han Emperor Wén | 汉文帝 | Hán Văn Đế | Han emperor from 180-157 BCE |
| Han Emperor Jǐng | 汉景帝 | Hán Cảnh Đế | Han emperor from 157-141 BCE |
| Zhào Mò | 赵眜 | Triệu Mạt | Grandson of Zhao Tuo and second Trieu Dynasty ruler |
| Mǐnyuè | 闽越 | Mân Việt | The Yue people of Fujian |
| Fujian | 福建 | Phúc Kiến | Province on southeast coast of China |
| Zhào Yīngqí | 赵婴齐 | Triệu Anh Tề | eldest son of Zhao Mo122-115 BCE |
| Yuexiu District | 越秀区 | Việt Tú | A district of Guangzhou |
| Xī Hàn Nányuèwáng Bówùguǎn. | 西汉南越王博物馆 | Bảo tàng Lăng mộ Triệu Văn Đế | The Western Han Nanyue King Museum |
| Lü Jiā | 吕嘉 | A Nanyue prime minister | |
| Han Emperor Wudi | 汉武帝 | Hán Vũ Đế | Great Han Dynasty king who reigned 141-87 BCE |
| King Jiàndé | 赵建德 | Triệu Kiến Đức | Fifth and final Nanyue King |
| Běishǔ | 北屬 | Bắc thuộc | The occupation of Vietnam by China |
| Lǐngnán | 岭南 | Lĩnh Nam | The region south off the Nanling Mountains |
| Nánlǐng Mountains | 南岭山 | Nam Lĩnh | Five mountain ranges that separates the Pearl River basin with the Yangzi River valley |
| Hǎinán | 海南 | Hải Nam | Island province of China, located in the south |
| Teochew | 潮州人 | Triều Châu | The Chaozhou, Chiu Chao or Teochew people |
| Hakka | 客家人 | Khách Gia | The Hakka people |
| Zhuàng | 壮族 | Người Tráng | Largest minority people in China, located in Guangxi mostly |
| Jiāozhǐ | 交趾 | Giao chỉ | The name used for various provinces, commanderies, prefectures, and counties in northern Vietnam |
| Yuènán | 越南 | Việt Nam | Vietnam |
| Jiǔzhēn | 九真 | Cửu Chân | The commandery north of Rinan and south of Jiaozhi |
| Rìnán | 日南 | Nhật Nam | Southernmost of the Chinese Commanderies based in northern Vietnam |
| Zhēng Shì Zǐmèi | 徵氏姊妹 | Hai Bà Trưng | The Trung Sisters |
| Zhēng Cè | 徵側 | Trưng Trắc | Elder of the Trung Sisters |
| Zhēng Èr | 徵貳 | Trưng Nhị | Younger of the Trung Sisters |
| Hòu Hàn Shū | 后汉书 | Hậu Hán Thư | The Book of Later Han |
| Mílíng Xiàn | 麊泠縣 | Mê Linh | Rural county of Hanoi |
| Mǎ Yuán | 马援 | Mã Viện | One of the Guangwu emperor's right hand men...military and political leader |
| Han Guāngwǔ | 汉光武 | Hán Quang Vũ Đế | Eastern Han emperor rules 25-57 CE |
| - | 北宁省 | Bắc Ninh province | City and province in northern Vietnam |
| Luòyáng | 洛阳 | Lạc Dương | Located in Henan Province, one of China's ancient capitals |
| Dà Qín | 大秦 | Ancient Rome | |
| Shì Xiè | 士燮 | Sĩ Nhiếp / Sĩ Vương | Powerful official who served in Jiaozhi during the Eastern Han. Lived 137-226 |
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