Ep. 307 | The History of Guangzhou (Part 5)

More Guangzhou history. This time we look at the events between the Second Opium War to the Northern Expedition. Featuring prominently in this episode will be Sun Yat-sen and the warlords. Before we get to them, however, we're stuck reliving all the historical short-sightedness of the foreign powers during the Daoguang and Xianfeng eras.

I'm sure they all felt invincible back then against a rotted-out China government. Guangzhou became the headquarters for the Anti-Qing and later Anti-Warlord movements. As it was before in Guangzhou history, because of the local unrest, a lot of commerce shifted to other ports in China. We should be able to finish this series off next time in Part 6.

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Terms in Episode

Pinyin/Term	Chinese	English/Meaning
Guǎngzhōu	广州	Capital of Guangdong province
Qīng Dynasty	清朝	China's final imperial dynasty, lasting 1644-1912
Qín Dynasty	秦朝	China's first imperial dynasty, lasting 221-206 BC
Nánhǎi Commandery	南海郡	One of the thirty-six commanderies setup around China by the forst Qin Emperor
Fānfāng	蕃坊	The Foreign enclace in Guangzhou where the foreigners resided
Zhū Yuánzhāng	朱元璋	Founder of the Ming Dynasty, reigned 1368-1398
Hǎi Jìn	海禁	A series of sea bans that prohibited coastal sea rade to be carried out. They were instituted from time to time in the Ming and Qing dyansties as part od the isolationist policies of certain emperors.
Macao	澳门	Poirtuguese enclave estabished in 1557 that was returned to China in 1999
Shùnzhì Emperor	顺治帝	Second emperor of the Qing Dynasty, reigning 1644-1661
Kāngxī Emperor	康熙帝	Third emperor of the Qing Dynasty, reigning 1661-1722
Yōngzhèng Emperor	雍正帝	Fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, reigning 1722-1735
Guǎngdōng	广东	Province in southernmost China. Capital is Guangzhou
Guǎngxī	广西	Province just to the west of Guangdong.
Liángguǎng	两广	The two neighboring provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi, politically grouped together as one entity in past Chinese history
Yīkǒu Tōngshāng	一口通商	The Canton System of trade instituted by Qianlong
Tiānjìn	天津	Port city just to the southeast of Beijing
Níngbō	宁波	Coastal city in Zhejiang Province just to the south of Shanghai
Zhōushān	舟山	City just to the east of Ningbo, comprised of many small islands
Xiàmén	厦门	Coastal city in Fujian that was also known as Amoy
Nánjīng	南京	Capital city of Jiangsu province. Served as the capital of several past dynasties
Co-Hong	公行	Part of the Canton System were these Chinese merchants who had exclusive authority to trade with the foreigners. The foreign traders could only deal with these officials
Qiánlóng Emperor	乾隆帝	Fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, reigning 1735-1796
Hoppo	户部	The official designated by the emperor to oversee all trade at the port of Guangzhou
Fújiàn	福建	Coastal province in China, south of Zhejiang. Capital located in Fuzhou
Lín Zéxú	林则徐	1785-1850, politician and scholar who served in a number of high-ranking positions in the Qing government. His forceful measures taken against the foreign traders dealing in opium, changed the course of history
The First Battle of Chuānbí	穿鼻之战	The first battle of the Opium War. It occured on November 3, 1839 and resulted in a British victory over China
Dìnghǎi	定海	A district of Zhoushan made up of 128 islands
Qíshàn	琦善	1786-1854, a Mongol nobleman and official of the late Qing Dynasty, best known for his negotiations with the British during the First Opium War
Dàoguāng Emperor	道光帝	6th emepror of the Qing Dynasty, reigning 1820-1850
Shāmiàn Island	沙面岛	A sandbank island in the Liwan District of Guangzhou
Guān Tiānpéi	关天培	1781-1841, Chinese admiral of the Qing Dynasty who served in the First Opium War
Yáng Fāng	杨芳	1770-1846, Han Chinese general and diplomat of the Qing Dynasty
Second Battle of Chuānbí	第二次穿鼻之戰	Fought between the Qing and British forces on January 7, 1841
Qín Shǐhuáng	秦始皇	The founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty who lived 259-210 BC
Yìshān	奕山	1790-1878, A Manchu official and diplomat during the late Qing
Sānyuánlǐ	三元里	a neighborhood in the Baiyun District in the northern suburbs of Guangzhou. The Sanyuanli Incident happened there on May 29, 1841
Báiyūn District	白云区	One of 11 districts in the city of Guangzhou. Baiyun is located in the northern suburbs of the city
Yuèxiù Park	越秀公园	A huge park located in the Yuexiu Dustrict of Guangzhou
Xiàmén	厦门	Coastal city in Fujian that was also known as Amoy
Zhènjiāng	镇江	Also known by its old name of Chinkiang, it is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu on the Yangzi River
Hàn Dynasty	汉朝	Dynasty founded by Liu Bang in 202 BC that lasted until 220 AD
Han Emperor Wǔ	汉武帝	Powerful emperor during the Han Dynasty who reigned 141-87 BC
Nányuè Kingdom	南越国	An ancient kingdom in Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam that lasted from the fall of the Qin Dynasty until 111 BC when it was conquered by the forces of Han Wudi
Red Turban Rebellion	红巾起义	A rebellion that lasted 1351-1368 against the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. There was also another Red Turban Rebellion that happened during the Qing that lasted 1854-1856
Taiping Rebellion	太平天国运动	Rebellion in China that lasted 1850-1864 that led to the deaths of around twenty million people
Niǎn Rebellion	捻乱	Rebellion in mostly northern China that lasted 1851-1864
Punti-Hakka Clan Wars	土客械斗	A conflict between the Hakka and Cantonese people between 1855-1867
Treaty of Nanjing	南京条约	The treaty that ended the First Opium War, signed August 29, 1842

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