Ep. 274 | Henan Province (Part 2)
The saga continues. More poking around Henan in Part 2. We'll look at the Zhou Dynasty era states that made up the province in ancient times. We'll also focus on Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Anyang. If the multitude of Chinese names starts to overwhelm, I strongly encourage you to view/download the list of terms used in this episode below. This one is a doozy, with over 170 words. I hope you find it useful!
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Shǎnxī | 陕西 | Province in Northern China |
| Shānxī | 山西 | Province in Northern China |
| Gānsù | 甘肃 | Province in Northwest China |
| Shāndōng | 山东 | Coastal Province in China |
| Xià | 夏朝 | Mythical dynasty founded by Yu the Great. Sometimes compared to Erlitou Culture. Ran from abopiut 2070 to 1600 BCE |
| Shāng | 商朝 | Dynasty that followed the Xia. Ran from 1600-1046 BCE |
| Hénán | 河南 | Province in central China |
| Hàn | 汉族 | The Han Chinese People, largest ethnic group in the world |
| Eastern Zhou Dynasty | 东周 | The Eastern Zhou Dynasty that lasted 770 to 256 BCE |
| Hàojīng | 镐京 | Capital of the Western Zhou, located near present-day Xian |
| Xīān | 西安 | Capital of Shaanxi Province |
| Yǔ the Great | 大禹 | Yu the Great, Xia Dynasty founder |
| Shàng Shū | 尚书 | The Book of Documents |
| Jiǔ Zhōu | 九州 | Nine Provinces of Ancient China |
| Yùzhōu | 豫州 | The most ancient form of Henan |
| Yù | 豫 | Abbreviation for all things Henan |
| Jī Family | 姬家族 | The Ji Family who founded the Zhou Dynasty |
| King Wén | 周文王 | Zhou King Wen, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, along with his son (see below) |
| King Wǔ | 周武王 | Also known by his personal name Jī Fā 姬发. Son of King Wen, Known mostly as the Zhou King Wǔ |
| Luòyáng | 洛阳 | Ancient capital of more than a few dynasties |
| Zhou King Nǎn | 周赧王 | Last king of the Eastern Zhou |
| Hán | 韩国 | Zhou Era state that lasted 403 to 230 BCE |
| Zhào | 赵国 | Zhou Era state that lasted 403 to 222 BCE |
| Wèi | 魏国 | Zhou Era state, spelled W-E-I that lasted 403 to 225 BCE |
| Chǔ | 楚国 | Zhou Era state that lasted 1030 to 223 BCE |
| Yān | 燕国 | Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 222 BCE |
| Qí | 齐国 | Zhou Era duchy from 1046-323 BCE and Kingdom 323-221 BCE |
| Qín Dynasty | 秦朝 | First imperial dynasty of China, lasted 221 to 206 BCE |
| Wèi | 卫国 | Zhou Era state, spelled W-E-Y that lasted 1040 to 209 BCE |
| Zhèng | 郑国 | Zhou Era state that lasted 806 to 375 BCE, later annexed by Han |
| Cài | 蔡国 | Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 447 BCE |
| Chén | 陈国 | Zhou Era state that lasted 1045 to 479 BCE |
| Sòng | 宋国 | Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 286 BCE |
| Cáo | 曹国 | Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 487 BCE |
| Wú | 吴国 | Zhou Era state that lasted from the 12th century to 473 BCE |
| Zhèngzhōu | 郑州 | Present day capital of Henan |
| Guǎn | 管国 | Short-lived Zhou Era state that lasted 1046 to 1039 BCE |
| Kuài | 郐国 | Zhou Era state that lasted from pre-history to 767 BCE, centered around present-day Zhengzhou |
| Zhèng Wǔ Gōng | 郑武公 | Ruler of Zheng from 770 to 744 BCE |
| Xīnzhèng | 新郑 | Ancient capital of Zheng State and alleged birthplace of The Yellow Emperor |
| Huángdì Gùlǐ | 黄帝故里 | The Hometown of the Yellow Emperor |
| Zǐchǎn | 子产 | grandson of one of the Dukes of Zhèng. He served as prime minister of Zhèng to a couple of the dukes. We remember Zǐchǎn for his law code of 543 BCE. This was the first law code in China’s history |
| fǎzhì | 法制 | Legal Code or set of laws |
| Shēn Bùhaì | 申不害 | 400 to 337 BCE |
| Shēnzǐ | 申子 | The book attributed to Shen Buhai, one of the main books of Legalism |
| Hán Fēi | 韩非 | Also known as Han Feizi 韩非子. Lived 280-233 BCE, statesman, philosopher, giant in Legalism |
| Rú Philosophy | 儒家 | Better known as Confucianism |
| Héběi | 河北 | Northern province in China, to the north of Henan |
| Duke of Zhōu | 周公 | Brother of Zhou King Wu and Regent to King Wu's son, King Cheng |
| King Chéng | 周成王 | Son of King Wu. Reigned 1042-1021 BCE |
| Zhāogē | 朝歌 | The last Shang Dynasty capital, located south of Anyang |
| Shāng Yāng | 商鞅 | Statesman of Qin State, lived 390-338 BCE, another giant of Legalism |
| Chǔ | 楚国 | Zhou Dynasty vassal State that lasted 1030 to 223 BCE |
| Wǎnqiū | 宛丘 | Capital of Chen State |
| Huáiyáng District | 淮阳区 | Prefectural city near Zhoukou in eastern Henan |
| Chénzhōu | 陈州 | Located in Huaiyang County, former capital of Chen State |
| Zhōukǒu | 周口 | City in Eastern Henan |
| Yuán Shíkǎi | 袁世凯 | Warlord, military leader and president of the Republic of China, lived 1859-1916 |
| Emperor Shùn | 舜帝 | Legendary emperor of China during pre-history |
| Chén Húgōng | 陈胡公 | Founding ancestor of all hundred or so million people around the world who have this Chén surname (including Chan's, Trần’s and Tan's) |
| Lǎozǐ | 老子 | Reputed author of the Dao De Jing, founder of Daoism. Lived between the 6th and 5th centuries BCE |
| Sīmǎ Qiān | 司马迁 | Historian of ancient China, wrote The Records of the Grand Historian during the Han Dynasty. Lived approximately 145 to 86 BCE |
| Qín Shǐhuáng | 秦始皇 | First Emperor of China. King of Qin from 247-221 BCE and Qin Emperor 221 to 210 BCE |
| Dàzéxiāng Uprising | 大泽乡起义 | Also known as the Chen Sheng Wu Guang Uprising. This was an uprising against the Qin Dynasty that lasted from July to December 209 BCE |
| Chén Shèng | 陈胜 | One of the rebel leaders of the Dazexiang Uprising |
| Wú Guǎng | 吴广 | One of the rebel leaders of the Dazexiang Uprising |
| Zhùmǎdiàn | 驻马店 | City in south-central Henan |
| Shàngcài | 上蔡 | City located in Zhumadian prefecture |
| Sānménxiá | 三门峡 | Prefecture-level city located in western-most Henan |
| Kāifēng | 开封 | Prefecture-level city located in north-central Henan. |
| Shāngqiū | 商丘 | City in eastern Henan |
| Nányáng | 南阳 | City in southwest Henan (also a prefecture) |
| Xìnyáng | 信阳 | City in southernmost Henan |
| Xǔchāng | 许昌 | Another prefectural level city located right in the center of Henan |
| Píngdǐngshān | 平顶山 | Another prefectural level city located to the west of Xuchang in Central Henan |
| Sìdà Gǔdū | 四大古都 | Four Ancient Capitals of China: Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang and Xian |
| Luò River | 洛河 | River that runs through Luoyang |
| Yī River | 伊河 | The other main river of Luoyang |
| King Tāng | 商汤 | Also known as Shang Tang 商汤, the founder of the Shang Dynasty |
| Chéngzhōu | 成周 | Early Zhou capital, founded by the Duke of Zhou |
| Emperor Xiàowén | 北魏孝文帝 | Emperor of Northern Wei |
| Lóngmén Grottoes | 龙门石窟 | Located near Luoyang, home to thousands of Buddhist statues carved into the cliffs of Xiangshan 香山. |
| Mt. Sōng | 嵩山 | Sacred mountain in Henan not too far from Luoyang. Shaolin Temple is located there |
| Shàolin Sì | 少林寺 | Shàolin Temple |
| Báimǎ Sì | 白马寺 | White Horse Temple, the first Buddhist Temple ever built in China, constructed in 68 CE |
| Cáo Wèi | 曹魏 | Also known as the State of Wei, one of the Three Kingdoms of 220-266 |
| Western Jìn | 西晋 | The part of the Jin Dynasty that lasted 266-316, a successor state to Cao Wei |
| Suí Dynasty | 隋朝 | Dynasty that preceded the Tang and lasted 581 to 618 |
| Emperor Yángdì | 隋炀帝 | Son of Sui Wendi, second and last emperor of this short-lived dynasty |
| Emperor Wén | 隋文帝 | Founder of the Sui Dynasty |
| Cháng’ān | 长安 | Capital of several dynasties, most notably the Han and Tang. Located near present day Xian |
| Dōngdū | 东都 | Eastern Capital |
| Wǔ Zétiān | 武则天 | Also known as Wu Zhao, she lived 624 to 705, ruled China from 665 to 690 through her husband and sons and from 690-705 as Empress of China during her Zhou Dynasty |
| Ān Lùshān | 安禄山 | Tang Dynasty military man and later leader of the An Lushan Rebellion that lasted 755-763 |
| Later Liáng | 后梁 | Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period that was based in Luoyang from 907-913 and Kaifeng from 913-923. |
| Later Táng | 后唐 | Successor to the Later Liang. This dynasty lasted 923 to 937 |
| Northern Sòng | 北宋 | First half of the Song Dynasty that had its caoital in Kaifeng. Lasted 960-1127 |
| Zhào Kuāngyìn | 赵匡胤 | Founder of the Song Dynasty in 960 |
| Hángzhōu | 杭州 | Capital of Zhejiang Province, site of the Southern Song capital |
| Yuán | 元朝 | The Great Yuan Dynasty, established by Kublai Khan, lasted from 1271 to 1368 |
| Míng | 明朝 | Dynasty that ran 1368 to 1644 |
| Qīng | 清朝 | Final dynasty in Chinese history, ran 1644 to 1911 |
| Dà Liáng | 大梁 | Oner of the former names of the city if Kaifeng |
| Yíng Zhèng | 嬴政 | The personal name of the first emperor of China Qin Shihuang |
| Later Jìn | 后晋 | Another one of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms that followed the fall of the Tang. The Later Jin ran from 936-947 |
| Later Hàn | 后汉 | The 4th of the Five Dynasties, had their capital at Kaifeng, called Bian back then. Later Han ran 947-951...not very long. |
| Later Zhōu | 后周 | Last of the Five Dynasties of Northern China to follow the fall of the Tang. They lasted 951 to 960 |
| Biànjīng | 汴京 | The name of Kaifeng when it was the capital of the Northern Song |
| Jìngkāng Incident | 靖康事变 | The Humiliation of Jingkang ran from September 1125 – March 1127 during the final years before the Jürchen Jin overthrew the Song and captured Huizong and his son Qinzong |
| Huīzōng | 徽宗帝 | Song Dynasty emperor who lost his empire to the Jürchens from the north |
| Hénán Jiāngběi Xíngshěng | 河南江北行省 | Name of Henan Province during the Yuan |
| xíngshěng | 行省 | During the Yuan, provinces were called this name rather than what they are known by now: sheng |
| shěng | 省 | Province |
| Zhū Yuánzhāng | 朱元璋 | Also known as the Hongwu Emperor, founder of the Ming Dynasty. He reigned 1368 to 1398 |
| Nánjīng | 南京 | Capital of Jiangsu and site of the first capital of the Ming Dynasty |
| Jiāngsū | 江苏 | Coastal province in China |
| Jiāngzhè | 江浙行省 | Former name of the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the Yuan |
| Lǐ Zìchéng | 李自成 | Destructive rebel leader who overthrew the Ming Dynasty in 1644 and established his own dynasty that lasted till 1649 |
| Shùn Dynasty | 顺潮 | See above |
| Southern Sòng | 南宋 | The part of the Song Dynasty when the capital was at JIankang or Hangzhou. It lasted 1127-1279 |
| Dàoguāng Emperor | 道光帝 | Qing emperor who reigned 1820-1850 |
| Ānyáng | 安阳 | City in Northern Henan, site of the Ruins of Yin, where the last Shang Dynasty capital was situated |
| Yǎngsháo Culture | 仰韶文化 | An early Neolithic Culture that flourished…5000 to 3000 BCE |
| Lóngshān Culture | 龙山文化 | An early Neolithic Culture than existed roughly 3000 to 2000 BCE |
| Zhuānxū | 颛顼 | Grandson of the Yellow Emperor who ruled as one of the mythical emperors of Chinese pre-history |
| Kù | 喾帝 | Another descendent of the Yellow Emperor who succeeded Zhuanxu as one of the mythical emperors of Chinese pre-history |
| Yīn | 殷墟 | Shang Dynasty capital, located in present day Anyang, site of the Ruins of Yin |
| Zhāngdé | 彰德 | Other name for Anyang |
| Púyáng | 濮阳 | One of the prefectures in Henan put into Pingyuan Province (see below) |
| Xīnxiāng | 新乡 | One of the prefectures in Henan put into Pingyuan Province (see below) |
| Píngyuán | 平原 | Short-lived province during rhe eary years of rhe PRC, contained a little of Henan and a little of Shandong |
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